We normally find the following formulae works:-
Neat Chloroform 100mL =
Number of blokes drinking beer per hour Number of blokes drinking spirits per hour
then add a bit extra for all the people that will pee in it during the night because it is there
Oh don't forget get all bathers to use the porch mat to wipe their feet before plunging.
Its worth noting that in a hot water you could lose about 1.5 litres of sweat per hour. Sweat has nearly the same make up as urine.
therefore Pool care is vital to prevent some of these joys.
Examples of exogenous pool associated ingested infectious agents
Faecal - oral
bacteria -
Eschericia coli O157 (VTEC)
Viruses -
adenoviruses; Norwalk-like viruses (NLV; formerly small round structured viruses, SRSV); hepatitis A
Protozoa
Cryptosporidium; Giardia
or
Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC, e.g.E coli O157:H7)
Severe bloody diarrhoea with cramping abdominal pains developing 1 – 10 days after exposure
Self resolving in 5 – 10 days except
Some cases, particularly under fives, develop haemolytic uremic syndrome
Acute renal (kidney) failure
3-5% die
Very low infectious dose
Some pool outbreaks
Sensitive to chlorine
or
Hepatitis A
Virus
Transmission: faecal – oral
Ingestion of contaminated food / water
Close contact
Incubation 2 weeks – 6 months; mean 28 days
Symptoms – aches & pains, dark urine, diarrhoea,fatigue, fever, nausea, jaundice, pale faeces
or
Norwalk like virus (NLV)
Outbreak in an Ohio school in 1977
103 students had vomiting, cramping and nausea
Disease strongly associated with swimming in a pool
Caused by inadvertant disconnection of chlorinator
or
Cryptosporidium parvum
Swindon/Oxfordshire 1989, 500 cases
Milwaukee 1993, 400,000 cases with 4,000 hospital admissions
survives for several months in water
Swimming pool outbreaks relatively common
Resistant to chlorine
or
Waterborne Giardiasis
Symptoms
Diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting
Infectious dose small
Transmission
Contaminated food/ water, close contact with animals / humans, swimming
or
folliculitis is a superficial skin infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
It occurs following exposure to inadequately maintained pools / spas
The rash can appear 12 hours to 2 days following exposure
It itches, but usually resolves spontaneously
Have fun in those pools.